Using Pydantic with GPT-5 Codex on OpenRouter
This tutorial explains how to use a Pydantic schema to extract structured data using GPT-5 Codex.
Please read this tutorial first to understand the basic setup
Code:
import os
import json
import requests
import datetime
from inputs import get_input_text
from system import system_instruction_1 as system_instruction
from schema import VAERSReport
from dotenv import load_dotenv
import time
load_dotenv()
model_name = 'openai/gpt-5-codex'
api_key = os.getenv("OPENROUTER_API_KEY")
json_schema_text = json.dumps(VAERSReport.model_json_schema(), indent=2)
input_text, sentence_map = get_input_text()
prompt = f"""
Report: {input_text}
JSON Schema:
{json_schema_text}
"""
url = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/chat/completions"
headers = {
"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"HTTP-Referer": "https://botflo.com/", # Optional. Site URL for rankings on openrouter.ai.
"X-Title": "LLM Accuracy Comparisons for Structured Outputs", # Optional
}
payload = {
"model": model_name,
"messages": [
{"role": "system", "content": f'{system_instruction}'},
{"role": "user", "content": f'{prompt}'}
],
"reasoning": {
"effort": "high"
}
}
before = time.time()
response_full = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(payload))
elapsed = time.time() - before
response = response_full.json()
metadata = {
"metrics": {
"elapsed": elapsed,
"usage": response['usage']
},
"text": {
"system_instruction": system_instruction,
"sentence_map": sentence_map,
"json_schema_text": json_schema_text
}
}
response["metadata"] = metadata
response_file_name = f"responses/response_{model_name.replace('/', '-')}.json"
with open(response_file_name, 'w+') as f:
json.dump(response, f, indent=2)
output_text = response.get('choices')[0].get('message').get('content')
print(output_text)
input_file_name = f"inputs/input_{model_name.replace('/', '-')}.txt"
with open(input_file_name, 'w+') as f:
f.write(input_text)
output_file_name = f"outputs/output_{model_name.replace('/', '-')}.txt"
with open(output_file_name, 'w+') as f:
f.write(output_text)LLM Response:
{
"timeline": {
"date_of_vaccination": {
"year": 1999,
"month": 6,
"citations": [
3,
42
],
"explanation": "Engerix-B dose administered on 30 June 1999."
},
"regression_onset_date": {
"year": 2000,
"month": null,
"citations": [
45,
147,
148
],
"explanation": "Neurologic/autism symptoms were first alleged in the spring of 2000, approximately 21–23 months after birth."
},
"diagnosis_date": {
"year": 2001,
"month": 1,
"citations": [
98,
150
],
"explanation": "He was evaluated for autism at an autism resource center on 4 January 2001 and was subsequently described as diagnosed with autism."
},
"age_at_vaccination_months": {
"value": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Age at the 30 June 1999 vaccination was not explicitly reported."
},
"age_at_diagnosis_months": {
"value": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Exact age in months at diagnosis was not provided."
}
},
"developmental_milestones": [
{
"milestone_name": {
"value": "sitting_without_support",
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": "He sat without support at 8 months (6 months adjusted for prematurity)."
},
"milestone_type": "adaptive_behavior",
"milestone_age_in_months": {
"value": 8,
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": null
},
"milestone_has_regressed": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression was reported for this milestone."
},
"regression_start_date_in_months": {
"value": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression was reported."
},
"progressed_after_regression": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression occurred."
}
},
{
"milestone_name": {
"value": "walking",
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": "He walked by 12 months of age (10 months adjusted for prematurity)."
},
"milestone_type": "adaptive_behavior",
"milestone_age_in_months": {
"value": 12,
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": null
},
"milestone_has_regressed": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression was reported for this milestone."
},
"regression_start_date_in_months": {
"value": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression was reported."
},
"progressed_after_regression": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression occurred."
}
},
{
"milestone_name": {
"value": "single_words",
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": "He started saying a few single words at around 17 months (15 months adjusted)."
},
"milestone_type": "language",
"milestone_age_in_months": {
"value": 17,
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": null
},
"milestone_has_regressed": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Loss of this milestone was not described."
},
"regression_start_date_in_months": {
"value": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression was reported."
},
"progressed_after_regression": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No regression occurred."
}
}
],
"regression_record": {
"pre_regression_language_level": {
"value": "babbling_single_words",
"citations": [
41
],
"explanation": "Before regression he was producing a few single words."
},
"pre_regression_social_communication_level": {
"value": "reciprocal_interaction",
"citations": [
88,
103,
108,
109
],
"explanation": "He responded well to social interaction, shared interests, and greeted his father."
},
"pre_regression_adaptive_behavior_level": {
"value": "moderate_independence",
"citations": [
56,
57,
58,
71,
75
],
"explanation": "Developmental clinic visits showed near age-appropriate fine, gross motor, and self-care skills before later concerns emerged."
},
"post_regression_language_level": {
"value": "babbling_single_words",
"citations": [
83,
84,
85,
114,
115
],
"explanation": "After regression he continued to use occasional single words with mild receptive and expressive delays."
},
"post_regression_social_communication_level": {
"value": "basic_engagement",
"citations": [
110,
111,
112,
126,
127,
128,
132
],
"explanation": "Parents reported decreased social behaviors and evaluators noted borderline adaptive social scores, though he still engaged at a basic level."
},
"post_regression_adaptive_behavior_level": {
"value": "basic_self_help",
"citations": [
68,
69,
139,
140,
141,
142,
127,
128
],
"explanation": "Self-care skills were slightly below average with sensory defensiveness and borderline adaptive scores after regression."
},
"has_language_loss": {
"value": false,
"citations": [
83,
84,
85,
114,
115
],
"explanation": "He continued to use single words rather than losing speech altogether."
},
"has_social_loss": {
"value": true,
"citations": [
110,
111,
132
],
"explanation": "Parents observed a decline in previously seen social behaviors and interest in peers."
},
"has_adaptive_loss": {
"value": false,
"citations": [
139,
140,
141,
142
],
"explanation": "Adaptive difficulties were described as mild delays rather than a clear loss of previously acquired skills."
},
"has_repetitive_behaviors": {
"value": true,
"citations": [
126,
148,
151,
152,
153
],
"explanation": "He began lining up toys and demonstrated autism-related repetitive behaviors."
}
},
"early_vaccination_symptoms": {
"had_autism_features": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
45,
147,
148
],
"explanation": "Autistic features were first alleged in spring 2000, more than 30 days after vaccination."
},
"had_fever": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No fever within 30 days of vaccination was reported."
},
"had_speech_loss": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
83,
84,
85,
114,
115,
147,
148
],
"explanation": "Speech delays emerged months later; there was no loss reported within 30 days of vaccination."
},
"had_irritability": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Irritability was not described within 30 days of vaccination."
},
"had_eye_contact_loss": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
108,
109,
110,
111
],
"explanation": "Concerns about joint attention decreased months later; no eye-contact loss was noted within 30 days of vaccination."
},
"had_diarrhea": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Diarrhea was not reported after vaccination."
},
"had_seizures": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No seizures were reported."
},
"had_lethargy": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Lethargy within 30 days of vaccination was not described."
},
"had_screaming": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No abnormal screaming was reported within 30 days of vaccination."
},
"had_behavioral_changes": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
147,
148
],
"explanation": "Behavioral changes were first noted many months after vaccination."
},
"had_rash": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No rash within 30 days of vaccination was mentioned."
},
"had_head_banging": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Head banging or self-injury was not reported."
},
"had_social_withdrawal": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
110,
111,
147,
148
],
"explanation": "Social withdrawal appeared months after vaccination, not within the first 30 days."
},
"had_injection_site_reaction": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "No injection-site reaction was documented."
},
"had_balance_loss": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
50
],
"explanation": "Flat feet were observed later but no acute balance loss within 30 days of vaccination."
},
"had_appetite_loss": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
69
],
"explanation": "Feeding concerns arose much later; no appetite loss within 30 days of vaccination was reported."
},
"had_staring_spells": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Staring spells were not described."
},
"had_hand_flapping": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Hand flapping was not reported."
},
"had_toe_walking": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
50
],
"explanation": "Tibial torsion was noted later, but toe walking within 30 days of vaccination was not reported."
},
"had_gastrointestinal_problems": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
32
],
"explanation": "Feeding intolerance and reflux were neonatal issues predating the vaccination; no new GI problems within 30 days afterward were recorded."
},
"had_hyperactivity": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Hyperactivity was not mentioned."
},
"had_ear_infections": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": [
39
],
"explanation": "An otitis media episode occurred at 9 months, outside the 30-day window."
},
"had_vomiting": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Vomiting was not reported."
},
"had_sleep_problems": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "Sleep problems within 30 days of vaccination were not described."
},
"had_encephalopathy": {
"value": false,
"ongoing": false,
"days_to_symptom_onset": null,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "There was no report of encephalopathy within 30 days of vaccination."
}
},
"diagnosis_record": {
"asd_severity": {
"value": 2,
"citations": [
151,
152,
153
],
"explanation": "Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist scores placed him in the moderate autism category."
},
"diagnosis_name": [
{
"value": "Autism",
"citations": [
21,
45,
150,
151,
152,
153
],
"explanation": null
},
{
"value": "Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder",
"citations": [
96,
129,
130,
131
],
"explanation": null
}
],
"diagnosing_professional": [
{
"value": "Autism resource center psychologist",
"citations": [
98,
99,
100,
129,
130,
131,
150
],
"explanation": null
},
{
"value": "Early intervention psychologist",
"citations": [
87,
88,
94,
96,
97
],
"explanation": null
}
]
},
"intervention_record": {
"interventions": [
{
"value": "speech_therapy",
"citations": [
76,
77,
78,
85,
149,
154
],
"explanation": "Speech therapy was recommended and initiated to address communication delays."
},
{
"value": "occupational_therapy",
"citations": [
134,
138,
143,
154
],
"explanation": "Occupational therapy was recommended for fine motor and sensory processing concerns."
},
{
"value": "aba",
"citations": [
154
],
"explanation": "Intensive early intervention using applied behavioral analysis was recommended."
}
],
"is_intervention_ongoing": {
"value": false,
"citations": null,
"explanation": "The record does not document whether therapies were ongoing at last follow-up."
},
"has_recovery": {
"value": false,
"citations": [
160,
161,
162
],
"explanation": "Follow-up reports stated that autism persisted."
}
},
"birth_record": {
"was_normal_pre_vaccination": {
"value": false,
"citations": [
24,
32,
40
],
"explanation": "He was a premature infant with multiple neonatal complications, and motor milestones were already outside normal limits."
},
"apgar_score": [
{
"value": "Apgar 1 minute: 8",
"citations": [
29
],
"explanation": null
},
{
"value": "Apgar 5 minutes: 9",
"citations": [
29
],
"explanation": null
}
]
},
"behavior_record": {
"repetitive_behaviors": [
{
"value": "Lined up toys and other objects rather than engaging in varied play",
"citations": [
126,
148
],
"explanation": null
},
{
"value": "Used language repetitively",
"citations": [
148
],
"explanation": null
}
]
},
"heavy_metal_tests": [
{
"metal_type": "lead",
"value": 16,
"unit": "ug/L",
"is_elevated": false,
"citations": [
20
]
},
{
"metal_type": "arsenic",
"value": 60,
"unit": "ug/L",
"is_elevated": false,
"citations": [
20
]
}
],
"comorbidities": [
{
"value": "asthma",
"citations": [
155
],
"explanation": "Reactive airway disease was documented after the autism onset."
}
],
"environmental_exposures": [],
"legal_matter": {
"value": true,
"citations": [
22
],
"explanation": "The report was received as part of litigation proceedings."
},
"diagnosis_reporting_delay_reason": null
}Metrics
{
"elapsed": 167.81387495994568,
"usage": {
"prompt_tokens": 13383,
"completion_tokens": 13739,
"total_tokens": 27122
}
}