09 How to use slot filling in Dialogflow ES

In this article, I will explain how you can use slot filling to get a list of user inputs in Dialogflow ES.

Before we go further, a couple of things to note:
I usually avoid slot filling in Dialogflow ES
If are quite sure you need to use slot filling, it is best to go with Dialogflow CX

This will be one of the canonical slot filling examples: booking a flight ticket

We need the following pieces of information

• From
• To
• Departure date
• Return date
• Flight class
• Number of passengers

The appeal of slot filling is that the user might provide this information in any order and Dialogflow’s slot filling is smart enough to extract as much useful information as possible from the user utteranceAn utterance is simply what the user says to the bot. Both E... More and prompt for the rest automatically.

When it works, slot filling makes for an amazing demo! And when it fails, it is equally spectacular.

Create an entity called flightclass

Create an intentBoth Dialogflow ES and Dialogflow CX have the concept of int... More called book.a.flight and add the following training phrases

Number of passengers will be a system entity of type sys.number-integer

The departure and return dates are system entitiesBoth Dialogflow ES and Dialogflow CX support entities and th... More of type sys.date-time

The from and to cities are system entities of type sys.geo-city

The flight class slot is a user defined entity we declared earlier – flightclass

Here is the full list of training phrases

Open the Parameters section and mark ALL the parameters as required

Now click on the “Define prompts..” for flightclass

Add the following prompt for the flightclass

Add the following prompt for the city of departure

Follow the table below for the rest of the prompts

ParameterBoth ES and CX support the concept of parameters. If entitie... More	Prompt text
flightclass	What class are you flying? (Economy, Business or First)
fromcity	Where are you leaving from?
tocity	Where are you flying to?
departuredate	What date do you leave?
returndate	What date do you plan to return?
numpassengers	How many passengers?

This is what your parameter table should look like after you add all the prompts

Now let us test this bot by trying different types of starting sentences

First, we start with just the intent phrase:

Next we start the number of passengers

Next we start by providing from and to locations

Next we start with the departure and return dates

But sometimes the bot can get into a loop. This is the biggest problem with slot filling, and usually the source of jokes online about how chatbots don’t work.

Note: This is my old website and is in maintenance mode. I am publishing new articles only on my new website. 

If you are not sure where to start on my new website, I recommend the following article:

Is Dialogflow still relevant in the era of Large Language Models?